Friday 31 March 2017

JIO-GUD NEWS

JIO-GUD NEWS:

  JIO OFFER EXTENDED TO APRIL 15,2107


mark zuckerberg-FOUNDER OF FACEBOOK

mark zuckerberg-FOUNDER OF FACEBOOK:



Mark Zuckerberg, one of the five co-founders of Facebook, knew exactly what he was doing when he propelled himself into the computer programming business. As a young entrepreneur, Zuckerberg learned that in order to be successful, you must have three key attributes; ambition, creativity, and risk-tolerance.
The main attribute that Zuckerberg acquired was ambition in order to jump-start his campaign to introduce Facebook to a wider audience than just Harvard University students. Most people believe they are ambitious until the pressure of an external source backs them into a corner and the “way up” seems far away (Open 564). Ambition comes from within as a form of willpower and forces us to make serious decisions in order to be successful. Most entrepreneurs must pay serious dues to get to the point where they need to be. Hard work and dedication is a must, even if you do not think your product will last after its debut. Zuckerberg’s drive to launch Facebook, from his university dormitory, despite the competition of other leading social networks, showed he was committed to his product and had faith it would be a sensation (Open 237).
Another key attribute that Zuckerberg has is creativity. The development of Facebook was an imaginative idea: having friends and family connect over long distances through images, text status updates, and a personalized forum. When Facebook first hit the Internet, it was plain in design and easy to navigate. Though the website started at this humble beginning, Zuckerberg continued to use his skill of innovation to reshape and rethink Facebook’s design and layout. Rolling out every month or so, new features are developed and deployed on the website to increase its popularity, usability, and efficiency (Collins 17).
Zuckerberg has taken many risks to claim his way to fame. One of the main risks any businessperson faces is the factor of their product not selling. In Zuckerberg’s case, his main concern was whether or not Internet users would latch onto Facebook, considering the competition that was present at the time in social media (Rand 46). In addition, Zuckerberg faced the danger of adopting Facebook from another source, as it could have been easily referred to as a copy of a concept that was already patented (Rand 35). Also, after the launch of Facebook in 2004, Zuckerberg had to go through the hurdle of multiple controversies regarding the development of Facebook with a few of the co-founders, specifically from his Harvard roommates Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra (Rand 27).
It is without dispute that Mark Zuckerberg’s rise to stardom emerged with the development of Facebook. As a young entrepreneur, he obtained three key attributes to instill his success: ambition, creativity, and having a high risk-tolerance. These qualities, if abided by, can ensure success in almost any business entrepreneurial circumstance.
- See more at: https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/descriptive/zuckerberg.html#sthash.IPKE7pSr.dpuf

KING OF SALMAN-SAUDI ARABIA

KING OF SALMAN-SAUDI ARABIA:



Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz was proclaimed the seventh king of Saudi Arabia on 23/01/2015, upon the death of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz. King Salman is the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers.
King Salman Bin Abdul Aziz was born in Riyadh on 5/10/1354, corresponding to 31/12/1935.
He received his early education at Princes' School in Riyadh, which was established by King Abdulaziz in 1356 to provide education for his children. There he studied religion and modern science, and celebrated the completion of memorizing the whole Quran on Sunday, 12/8/1364 H.
The school was managed by Sheikh Abdullah Al Khayat, imam and preacher of the Grand Mosque.
He served as deputy governor of Riyadh from March 1954 to April 1955, and governor of Riyadh from April 1955 to December 1960 and again from February 1963 to 5/11/2011, when he was appointed defense minister.
Since 1956, King Salman has chaired various humanitarian and service committees that provide relief from natural and man-made disasters.
For his humanitarian services, he has been awarded many medals and decorations, including awards from Bahrain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, France, Morocco, Palestine, the Philippines, Senegal, the United Nations, Yemen, and the King Abdulaziz Medal – First Class.
He is a recipient of several honorary degrees and academic awards, including an honorary doctorate from the Islamic University of Madinah, the Prince Salman academic award, and the Kant Medal by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

His posts:

On Tuesday, 11/7/1373 H, corresponding to 16/03/1954, Prince Salman Bin Abdul Aziz was appointed acting governor of Riyadh region.
On Monday, 25/8/1374 H, corresponding to 18/04/1955, Royal Order No. 5/10/2/1424 was issued appointing Prince Salman the governor of Riyadh Region at the rank of minister.
On Sunday, 07/07/1380 H, corresponding to 25/12/1960, he resigned from the emirate of Riyadh Region, and the approval was issued by the Royal Order No. 40 in 7/7/1380 H.
On Monday, 10/09/1382, corresponding to 04/02/ 1963, Prince Salman was appointed again as the governor of Riyadh Region, according to Royal Order No. 46.
On Saturday, 09/12/1432 H, corresponding to 05/11/2011, Royal Order No. A/288 was issued appointing Prince Salman as the defense minister.
On Monday, 28/09/1433, corresponding to 18/06/2012, Royal Order No. A / 139 was issued selecting Prince Salman as the Crown Prince and appointing him as deputy prime minister and defense minister.

Social Work

King Salman has great interest in cultural and humanitarian work and since 1376 AH, corresponding to 1956, he has chaired a number of associations, organizations, and main committees of charitable work inside the kingdom and abroad, and sponsored and supported many cultural projects.
Associations and charities currently chaired by The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques:
• Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Riyadh Philanthropic Society for Sciences, which Prince Sultan University and Prince Salman Oasis of Sciences are affiliated with.
• President of the Prince Salman Prize for Quran Memorization for boys and girls in the kingdom.
• Founder and General Assembly President of the Prince Salman Center for Disability Research.
• Honorary president of the Prince Fahad bin Salman Charity Association for Renal Failure.
• Honorary president of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation.
• Honorary president of the Prince Salman Center for Kidney Disease.
• Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Prince Salman Charity Housing Project.

Cultural and social institutions and associations chaired by King Salman:

• Chairman of the King Abdulaziz Foundation.
• Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the King Fahad National Library.
• Chairman of the Board of Directors of the History Center of Makkah and Madinah.
• Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Hamad Al Jasser Institution.
• Honorary Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz Award for Young Entrepreneur, which is awarded on the level of the kingdom.
• Honorary president of the Saudi Historical Association
• Honorary president of Riyadh Schools.

Institutions and committees previously headed by King Salman:

First, previously headed associations and committees which have activities and tasks at the internal level of the kingdom:
• President of the High Commission for the development of Arriyadh.
• President of the Higher Executive Committee for the development of Ad- Dir'iya.
• Secretary-General of the King Abdulaziz al Islamic Foundation.
• Honorary president of the Prince Salman Social Center.
• Honorary president of the Board of Directors of Arriyadh Development Company.
• Honorary president of the Friends of patients Committee in Riyadh.
• Honorary president of the Red Crescent Friends Committee in Riyadh.
• Founder and chairman of the Prince Salman Center for Disability Research.
• Honorary president of the Saudi Charity Association for Genetic Diseases.
• Honorary president of the Adults Mobility Handicap Association.
• Honorary chair of the Saudi Society of Speech – Language Pathology and Audiology.
• Honorary president of the Blind Charity Association in Riyadh.
• President of the Coordinating Council of Charity Associations working in Riyadh.
• Honorary president of the Saudi Charitable Society for Holy Quran Memorization in Riyadh.
• Honorary president of the Saudi Association for Holy Quran and its Sciences.
• Chairman of the Board of Directors of Al-Birr Association and its branches in Riyadh.
• Honorary president of the Social Responsibility Council in Riyadh.
• President of the Supreme Committee for the Endowment of King Saud University.
• Chairman of the Board of Directors of Prince Salman Charity Housing Project.
• Chairman of Orphan Care Association in Riyadh.
• President of the Bin Baz Benevolent Project for Assisting Youth to Marry.
• Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Abdulaziz bin Baz Charity Association.
• Chairman of the Riyadh Competitiveness Center, concerned with increasing Riyadh’s competitiveness and improving the administrative work inside it.
• Chairman of the Higher Committee and the Preparatory Committee for celebrating the passing of 100 years on establishing the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which was established in the 5/10/1419 H.

Second, previously headed associations and committees which have activities and tasks outside the kingdom:
• Chairman of the Donation Committee for Suez Afflicted People in 1956.
• Chairman of the Primary Committee of Gathering Donations for Algeria in 1956.
• Chairman of the Public Committee for Helping Jordan Martyrs Families in 1967.
• Chairman of the Public Committee for Helping the Palestinian people.
• Chairman of the Public Committee for Helping Pakistan Afflicted People in 1973 in the wake of the war between India and Pakistan.
• Chairman of the Public Committee for supporting the military effort in Egypt in 1973 in the wake of the war between Egypt and Israel.
• Chairman of the Public Committee for supporting the military effort in Syria in 1973 in the wake of the war between Syria and Israel.
• Chairman of the public association for receiving donations for the Afghan fighters in 1980.
• Chairman of the local Committee helping floods-afflicted people in Sudan in 1988.
• Chairman of the Public Committee for gathering donations for the Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1989.
• Chairman of the local committee for providing aid, support and assistance to Kuwaitis after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990.
• Chairman of the local committee for receiving donations for people afflicted by floods in Bangladesh in 1991.
• Chairman of the executive association for gathering donations for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992.
• Chairman of the executive association for gathering donations for people afflicted by the Egypt earthquake in 1992.
• Executive chairman of the Kingdom Fair between Yesterday and Today which was held in many Arab and European countries and in the United States and Canada during the period 1985/1992.
• Chairman of the executive Committee for gathering donations for the Jerusalem uprising in Riyadh, 2000/1421.

Orders and medals received by King Salman:

• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques has the King Abdulaziz Cordon from the first class, which is considered the highest order in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained an order on the occasion of the passage of 2,000 years since the establishment of Paris. President Jacques Chirac awarded him the order in 1985.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the intellectual efficiency order, which was awarded by late King of Morocco Hassan II in Casablanca in 1989.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the award Handicapped Children Association in Saudi Arabia for human service in 1995.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the Golden Order of Bosnia and Herzegovina for his support and efforts to liberate Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian president awarded him the order in Riyadh in March 1997.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques was awarded the United Nations Shield for reducing the effects of poverty in the world in 1997.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the Jerusalem Star Order in 1998. Then Palestinian President Yasser Arafat awarded him the order during a ceremony at the regimen palace in Riyadh.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the Sikatuna order in 1999 that is considered the highest order in the Philippines. Filipino President Joseph Estrada awarded him the order during his highness’ visit to the Philippines for his significant contribution to human activities, his support of charity associations, his efforts in raising and improving the concept of Islamic culture, and for the many times in which he helped Filipino employment in the kingdom and for his friendship with the Philippines.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the Grand Order, which is considered the superior order in Senegal. Senegalese President Abdou Diouf awarded his highness the order during his highness visit to Senegal in July 1999.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the Yemen Unity Order from the second class in Safar 1422H /May 2001AD. Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh awarded him the order during The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques visit to Yemen – Aden.
• His highness obtained the Baden-Powell Scout Fellowship by His Majesty the King of Sweden Carl Justav the Sixteenth in Safar 1429 H/February 2008.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the Bahrain Award for Human Work for the Gulf Cooperation Council in Safar 1429 H/February 2008.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained an honorary doctorate in arts from Umm Al-Qura University in Mecca, in appreciation and recognition of his great role in arts on 21/04/1429 H, corresponding to 29/03/2008.
• On Muharram 1431 H, corresponding to December 2009, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the International Olympiad Award of the Middle East and South Africa Region, which is considered its highest award, and was given to him for his efforts in serving the handicapped people in the kingdom and encouraging research in the field of disabilities.
• On Safar 1431 H corresponding to January 2010, King Salman obtained the Bosnian Order for Islamic Grants from the first class as an appreciation for The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques’ efforts in Islam and Muslims advocacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His eminence Chief Scholar and the General Mufti in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dr. Mustafa Tseretsh, awarded the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques the order at his highness’ office in Riyadh Principality.
• On 29/04/1431 H, corresponding to 14/04/2010, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained an honorary doctorate from the Islamic University in Delhi for his charity work and his commitment to support education and his uniqueness as a statesman.
• The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained the “Kant” medal on 19/6/1431 H, corresponding to 2/5/2010, during his formal visit to Germany. The Berlin Brandenburg Academy for Science awarded him this medal for his contributions in the fields of science.
• On 24/04/1432 H, corresponding to 29/03/2011, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques obtained an honorary doctorate in Saudi Country History from the Islamic University in Madinah for his distinct efforts and grants in maintaining the great Saudi history and observing its different effects in various fields.

GOLD JEWELS-HOW IS IT PRODUCE

GOLD JEWELS-HOW IS IT PRODUCE:



PRODUCTION:

raditional methods of gold mining are simple and incredibly persistent: in developing countries of Africa and Latin America, the local population perfectly knows and still uses “the ancient” methods of gold mining.

Following heavy summer (or winter) rains come floods that wash gold-containing solid into streams and rivers. A gold miner knows how and where to look for it. However, after a couple of weeks, this can be covered with a thin layer of silt and seaweed, then gold mining becomes difficult.
So it is the hottest time for miners, not to lose time in vain. Main goal: to get more volume of rocks from the river and washed it out almost 24 hours a day, while you can. The goal is to get a small bag of gold dust, which settles to the bottom, as the heavy part of the solid. The work in cold water requires great effort, but miners are hot with great expectations.
Nowadays, technology has advanced significantly forward.
Gold mining is done by heap leaching. This technology allows to produce from poor ores, from small deposits, develop off-balance ores.
To implement a new technology you need only a year, which is a great investment, very good for a private gold prospecting. Only in a year, you will have the gold bars.
And you’ll spend less money per kilogram of gold than on traditional manufacturing technology.
The technology of heap leaching involves the following stages of the production process:
  1. preparation of ore material: it is crushed in mills, pass through a sieve, and the ore is pelletized not to ball up in large fractions;
  2. formation of ore piles;
  3. heap leaching ore by cyanide solution (very hazardous process);
  4. extraction of heavy metals (mostly gold) from the ore by sorption using activated carbon or ion-exchange resins, another option is using a metallic zinc by cementation;
  5. gathering of gold deposits on the cathode or extraction of zinc deposits with gold content in galvanic bath;
  6. receipt of ligature alloy after melting residues;
  7. leaching residues of ore (so-called tails) and reclamation of land where the solid has been taken.
However, the new technology of gold mining, virtually eliminating manual labor, wheelbarrows and shovels, has other drawbacks: the high cost of electricity. To get one kilogram of gold, for example, on you will need 130 million kWh of electricity. With the current growth of electricity bills every year steadily, it means declining profitability of gold prospecting.
However, the newtechnology allows to mine almost a kilogram of pure gold per employee per year, which is much larger than with using old technologies on the same mines, with increasing the depletion of local gold-bearing ores.

ROLEX WATCH-THE COSTLIEST ONE

ROLEX WATCH-THE COSTLIEST ONE:


Rolex is among the top ranked luxury brands in the wristwatch industry that has created its distinctive position in the market by targeting only affluent people. Rolex has been targeting niche market since its initial days; the main aim of the company is to provide quality seeking people with the best wristwatches that have been designed with superior quality raw materials and people who have expertise in this field. The watches are developed with highly experienced and well-trained people who have thorough knowledge and understanding about the wristwatch designing and manufacturing.
In order to reach the right target market, Rolex has made a drastic changed in its marketing strategy by moving from traditional mediums such as Television Advertisements and advertisements in newspapers and magazines to celebrity endorsements such as Roger Federer and events sponsorships; both of these elements have created a new image in the market. As people are willing to invest in those brands that will enhance their relationship with their favorite personalities, Rolex has capitalized on this aspect.
The primary research conducted among the college students revealed that they are willing to own Rolex brand as it helps them in developing an association with their favorite star. Hence, Rolex is doing aggressive marketing so that it can capture the attention of its target market, enhance its distinctive image worldwide and keep on making valuable contribution in the wristwatch industry.

Introduction

In luxury wristwatches industry, Rolex is the leading name and it has become a status symbol worldwide. Since Rolex has been meeting the demands of its customers for so many years and has become among the top hundred brands of the world, it is of great interest to know the secret of the success of Rolex. One of the important aspects of every brand is its marketing strategy because it gives it a sense of direction about the efforts that need to be done so that it can capture the attention of its target market and convey positive message to its customers (Key Note, 2011).

Research Objectives and Questions

The main research objectives of this study are:
To gather information about top brands of wristwatch industry.
To identify the marketing activities conducted by Rolex to attract the customers.
To evaluate the image held by the customers about Rolex brand.
In order to understand the current marketing strategy employed by Rolex, following research questions will be addressed to achieve the objectives of the study:
Why is Rolex such a successful brand?
What is the marketing strategy followed by Rolex to maintain its position in the market?
Why are the customers of Rolex satisfied with its wristwatches?

Importance of the Study

The study will help in understanding the importance of marketing strategy in creating right positioning in the market. When the marketing strategies of top ranked brands are studied, an in-depth understanding about the relevant topic can be developed. Rolex's current marketing strategy will assist in analyzing the success of Rolex in such dynamic and competitive wristwatch industry.

Limitations of the Study

The scope of the research is limited as there are both time and resource constraints. The research is exploratory in nature and it is comprised of questionnaire-survey. The questionnaire has been designed in consensus with the previous work done by some authors as the questions are designed in accordance with the variables identified to be studied for the research purpose which is discussed in the Literature Review section. The availability of pure study of the subject was another constraint as the researcher is inexperienced and may lack certain skills which can affect the research paper.

Literature Review

Brief Introduction of Rolex

Whenever a customer wears Rolex watch, it enhances the person's personality which makes a statement that the person has a great taste of style and fashion (Gautschi, 2005). Since Rolex watches are designed exclusively for upper class, only selected group of people can enjoy the prestige of owning the brand. Rolex has been in the market since 1995 and it is has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. It has employed more than four thousand watchmakers in about one hundred countries (Mulier, 2010).
Rolex was the first brand to introduce waterproof watch in the year 1926. All of the watches are designed with fine quality materials and everything is done in detail so that there are no defects in the final products (Brandz, 2010). In order to build a successful brand in the market, it is important for the companies to focus on development of realistic and well-designed marketing strategy that will support them in achieving their desired objectives (Wansink, 2003). Likewise, brand equity, brand image and marketing strategy are the main areas of studying a brand as they help in determining the factors that influence the customers to make a purchasing decision (Saha, 2012).

Marketing Strategy

The marketing strategy is one of the key elements of every business plan because the mediums that can be used to reach the target market have to be selected carefully. It is important for an organization to design its marketing strategy on the basis of two most important factors i.e. who is being targeted (target market profile) and which mediums will be applicable for communicating right message about the brand (Keller, 2008). Like any business plan, marketing strategy has a set of objectives that a company wants to achieve for its survival in the market; the key to developing right position in the market is to develop a set of goals on the basis of critical factors which will also help a company to monitor the effectiveness of its marketing strategy (Rao, Agrawal & Dahlhoff, 2004).
A good marketing strategy is one that is developed with the consensus of the management team of a company and its employees so that there are fewer chances that any important point is overlooked (World Watch Report, 2012). In order to develop an effective marketing strategy, the foremost thing to consider is the target market as it will give an indication about the direction that the company should follow to achieve its goals. An ideal strategy is one that makes the best use of both traditional and online marketing mediums to create, maintain and strengthen its position in the market (Coupland, 2005).
In order to attract the customers appropriately, the best way is to design a marketing strategy that has a perfect blend of Above-the-line (ATL) activities and Below-the-line (BTL) activities along with Public Relations and promotional activities (Key Note, 2011). ATL activities comprise of Advertisements on Television and Radio and in newspapers and magazine; all of these forms require heavy amount of investment. BTL activities include brochures, leaflets, billboards, flyers, buntings and etc.; the cost of these activities is comparatively less than that of ATL activities. The marketing activities of each company is determined that is compatible with the type of product or service offering, the target audience and marketing budget (Brandz, 2010).
For instance, the marketing activities of Unilever comprise of advertisements, sponsorship of events, promotional offers, billboards and celebrity endorsements. Standard Chartered uses the ATL and BTL activities for consumer segment and one to one marketing for the business segment. Hence, every organization and brand has to ensure that it designs a marketing strategy after doing careful market analysis as it has to gather information about the activities that competitors are doing, the latest trend in the market, customer's changing needs, changes in business environment and modification in trade policies worldwide (Gautschi, 2005).

Marketing Strategy of Rolex

The two main elements of Rolex strategy are tradition and conservatism which means that it has the same product and same communication strategy for decades. The communication strategy is unique that complements the differentiation constituent of its products that has enabled the company to maintain its competitive edge in the wristwatch industry. When the brand started growing in popularity, it kept nurturing itself and added celebrity endorsement so that the customers can develop an association with the brand (Saha, 2012).
One interesting fact about Rolex strategy is that it has created a 'mystery' element around its brand which has been an appealing feature for the customers (Brandz, 2010). It has been considered as a male watch for a long period and it has started to penetrate slowly into the female wristwatch market. The backward vertical integration is done by the company so that future supply can be secured and there is less competition within the industry. From the study of Rolex advertisements and marketing activities such as sponsorship of events, it is evident that its marketing strategy is truly a sponsorship and celebrity endorsement strategy.
There are two distinctive categories of advertisement done by Rolex i.e. celebrity endorsements and pure product campaigns. The most commonly used medium of advertisements is publishing ads in newspapers and magazines, running Television Commercials and displaying billboards. However, celebrity endorsement is done at a wider level as it helps in developing a luxury brand image. In order to understand the effectiveness of Rolex marketing strategy, Brandz (2010) and Mullier (2010) conducted researches to evaluate the impact of celebrity endorsement on the customers; the survey was carried out and it was found that people buy Rolex because it allows the user to experience the sensation of being a celebrity and wearing the watch enhances the personality of the person as it makes a person stand out from the crowd.
The endorsements by celebrity also helps in getting trust of the customers as they believe that any endorsement done by a well-known personality emphasizes that the product or service is genuine and it is worth giving so much money. Most people buy luxury goods so that they can have some similarity with their favorite personalities; hence, Rolex is using this strategy to capture its customers and has been successful in increasing its market share at a faster pace (World Watch Report).
In this research, the key terminologies that are studied are brand association, customer loyalty and celebrity endorsement. Brand association is the sense of belonging that the customer develops when using a particular brand, customer loyalty is the customer's desire of purchasing the same brand on repeated basis and celebrity endorsement is using celebrities in the advertisement to promote a brand (Keller, 2008).

Research Methodology

The nature of the research is both qualitative and quantitative as the topic is vast and there are no concrete definitions available for the concepts that are being studied i.e. brand association, marketing strategy, customer loyalty and celebrity endorsement. Since the human factors are being studied, it is important that after gathering sufficient theoretical knowledge, the data collected is analyzed properly. The data is collected by conducting both primary and secondary researches. The secondary sources of information are compiled mainly from the research journals and articles along with the books available on many online stores. The variables for the study are deduced after careful evaluation of all factors. The variables have been defined in detail so that an understanding about the purpose of research can be easily developed.
The primary data is collected by conducting a small survey that comprise of fifty respondents. Online data collection method was used to reach the respondents as contacting them via email was the easiest method. The sampling method used was convenience sampling as all the respondents were college students and accessing data via online survey was the most feasible option. When the questionnaire was developed, a pilot test was done on ten respondents to determine the understanding capability of the respondents and to ensure that the respondents had no difficulty in the questionnaires.
The questionnaire comprised on ten structured questions so that the respondents had to select the option that best met their opinion. The main aim of this survey was to identify the image of Rolex in young people and also to determine the meaning of brand association in this market. Although the brand is considered to be a luxury brand but it is vital to get the viewpoint of the customers to understand the factors that led to the development of such image. The questions revolved around the key concepts i.e. brand association, customer loyalty and celebrity endorsement. Other factors that can impact the marketing strategy were studied to identify the extent to which they can have impact on the customers such as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, ethical practices, environmental friendly policies and business operations, Public Relations and many more.
Since the response rate is slow in online data collection method, the entire data was collected in ten days. When some of the respondents gave half-filled questionnaires, they were asked to fill them again and submit a completely filled questionnaire. Some interviews were also planned with Rolex marketing people but due to some important project, interview sessions were not conducted; otherwise, the information would have been more authentic and up-to-date. Once the data was collected, it was then entered in the excel sheet which was later used for in-depth analysis.
When data analysis was done, undue care was given to the tools used for analysis. Since the main purpose was to understand Rolex association in customer's minds, the analysis was kept simple as most of the data is presented in descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentage, means and etc. so that readers can easily understand the findings of the research. The main problems encountered during the research were slow response rate and cancellation of interviews with Rolex's marketing department people.

Findings

The data collected from primary and secondary researches showed that the luxury brands in the wristwatch industry are Rolex, Omega, Dior, Cartier, Tag Heuer and Swatch. Majority of the people ranked Rolex and Cartier as the best luxury brands that have high quality and give the users a sense of pride for owning the watch of leading brands. The key factor that influenced in creation of such perception was the celebrity endorsement. More than 80% of the respondents that they get attracted those advertisements that have their favorite personalities or celebrities as they know that the person will tell the truth about the brand.
Almost 70% of the respondents agreed that they buy a brand because they want to develop an association with their favorite star and want to share something similar so that they can enjoy the feeling of belongingness with their aspiring personality. The respondents agreed that Rolex is a luxury brand and they can only recall those ads that had some celebrity in them as it is easier to recall a brand in this way. Only 60% of the respondents were aware of CSR activities and sponsored events organized by Rolex; it shows that the celebrity endorsement strategy works best for Rolex customers.
From the primary research, it was found that only 10% had a Rolex watch which was given to them as a gift; remaining 90% agreed that the price of Rolex watches is high and only few people can afford to buy them. Even when such luxury brand watches are bought, they need to be handled with care because slight negligence can cause huge amount of repairing cost. The respondents believe that there should be a separate line of watches for those people who are looking for premium quality watches but at affordable rates.
Rolex is a luxury brand that can be bought by only selected group of people; the company has clarity about its target market and has designed its marketing strategy in accordance with the market requirements. The current marketing strategy used by Rolex comprises of celebrity endorsement and sponsoring of events. Majority of the advertisements are placed in magazines and newspapers of elite class so that they can be informed about the watches. When new watch is introduced by the company, advertisements are run on Television so that awareness about the product can be created.
Rolex has created distinctive image in the market by portraying itself as the luxurious brand that is worn by celebrities. Everyone who wants to develop an association with any of the favorite personalities is buying and using Rolex watches. Hence, the marketing strategy used by Rolex has helped it in achieving its set goals of marketing strategy and it has positioned itself distinctively from its competitors.

NASA-mars mission

NASA-THE JOURENY TO MARS PLANET:




“The United States is justified in spending billions of dollars on NASA space missions to Mars.” 

Throughout the course of history, man has dreamed of stepping foot on another planet. The advances in technology in the 20th century have allowed man to do what at one time was considered unthinkable for millenniums before. With the advent of the modern space program in the early 1950’s, NASA has performed many inconceivable feats. They have sent and returned men to space. They’ve set up space stations orbiting the earth. They have allowed men to land on the moon, collect samples, and then return to the earth.
Recently, NASA has taken an even greater interest in Mars. With the discovery of ice on Mars, and with further discoveries of ancient bacteria on a couple of rocks in Antarctica that are believed to be meteorites from the planet Mars, scientist have speculated that life originated on Mars millions of years before it ever appeared on the earth. Many scientist believe that much can be learned from the finding of life – or evidence of previous life – on the planet Mars. Many of these scientists think that missions to Mars can find out if there truly was life there, and why it disappeared. Perhaps this can lead us to understand how life will one day disappear from our planet, or even maybe, prevent that from occurring. 

Many critics have pointed to recent failures from NASA space missions to the planet Mars as reasons to abandon attempts to further send space probes. These missions cost millions of dollars, and they resulted in disaster. For instance, one spacecraft was sent to land on Mars, and, as it approached the planet after its six-month trip through space, was suddenly unreachable. After a commission was formed to study what went wrong, they discovered that some engineers forgot to convert some measurements 

JESUS CHRIST

JESUS CHRIST:




Jesus Christ is a central figure for the Christianity. Christians picture him as the Messiah (Son of God). Jesus reconciled the Christians with God by dying for their sins and raising himself from the dead. Jesus had an peculiar personality, and made a lasting notion on the on his followers. He was charismatic in the deepest sense of the word. Jesus Christ is an exemplary and perfect leader. Jesus Christ is a divine and legendary being; he is allegorical for the Christians. Jesus indicated the coming of a new age where all people would live as God's children to serve and believe in Him. Jesus taught the fundamental moral values of brotherhood and benevolence, which became the central thesis of Christianity. The life and teachings of Jesus Christ are the motivations for Christians.

The Birth of Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ was born during the life and reign of Herod the Great who ruled Palestine at the end of the 1st Century B.C. on the 25th of December, which is celebrated by Christians every year in remembrance of the day Jesus Christ was born. Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem in Judea by Virgin Mary in a manger. Joseph was the father of Jesus. Joseph was a carpenter. When Jesus was born the three wise men fro the east followed to star (Star of Bethlehem) to where Jesus was born. The three wise men bore with them gifts, Gold, Myrrh, and Frankincense. About that same time king Herod was deeply disturbed by the birth of Jesus Christ, because he heard a new king has been born. Herod became furious and sent his soldiers into Bethlehem to kill all the boys around two years and under. Joseph and Mary fled from Bethlehem to Egypt before the soldiers could get to them. Herod's plan turned out to be a fiasco. When Herod died and everything had calmed down, Joseph and Mary with Jesus went to Galilee and settled down in a town called Nazareth, were Jesus grew up, where Jesus Christ was called the "Nazarene" (Jesus of Nazareth). Jesus was a leader all through his life even from birth.

The Baptism of Jesus

John the Baptist baptized Jesus Christ the (son of Zacharias). John the Baptist preached baptism for the forgiveness of sins and in so doing he was preparing the way for the Lord. Jesus went to the Jordan River in Galilee so that john could baptize him. John remonstrated because he felt that Jesus Christ was the one who should be baptizing him. According to the gospel of Mathew Jesus said, " It must be done, because we must do everything that is right". After John heard what Jesus said he now baptized him. After baptism, Jesus came out of the water and the heavens opened and the spirit of God descended like a dove from above and settled upon his head, and a strange voice said, " this is beloved son, and I am fully pleased with him".(New international version).

The Temptation of Jesus Christ

After the baptism of Jesus Christ the, Jesus was led by the Holy spirit into the wilderness where he could be tempted by the devil. He fasted in the wilderness for forty days and forty nights, without having anything to eat.
The devil came out to Jesus and said " if you are the Son of God change these stones to loaves of bread". Jesus relied " No! The scripture say man shall not leave by bread alone but by every word of God". Then Jesus Christ was led by the devil to the highest point of the temple in Jerusalem, and then the devil told him to jump off that his angels will protect and nothing would happen to him, and Jesus replied "The scripture says, do not test the lord your God". Finally the devil took Jesus to the highest mountain, and showed him all the nation and all it's glory, then he said, "I will give it all to you, if only u knell down and worship me". Jesus replied "Get out of here, Satan, for the scripture says you must worship the lord your God; serve only him". Jesus Christ was a flawless leader. He overcame temptation, he would have change the stones to bread, or protected by the angels, but know he humbled h imself. Jesus Christ is an exemplary leader, which is why the Christians believe in him so much. Jesus Christ was no hypocrite.

The Ministry of Jesus Christ

Jesus traveled throughout Galilee teaching and preaching in different synagogues and spreading the good news about the kingdom of God, by this time he had only four disciples, these were called the first disciples. Jesus Christ taught people a lot of things, he healed people of various kinds. News about him spread far beyond Galilee, and people with various illnesses and pain, the possessed, epileptic, and paralyzed people. Large crowds followed Jesus to wherever he went. People leart a lot from him, there were various teaching by Jesus:
Teaching about Salt and Light
Teaching about the Law
Teaching about anger
Teaching about Adultery
Teaching about Divorce
Teaching about revenge
Teaching about Love for Enemies
Teaching about Giving the Needy
Teaching about Prayer and Fasting
Teaching about money and possessions
Effective prayers
The Golden Rule
The Narrow Gate
The tree and its fruit
True Disciples
Building on a solid foundation
And many others but these ones are the most important ones.
The Golden is one of the most important teachings of Jesus Christ. The golden rule says: "Do for others what you would like them to do for you. This is a summary of all that is taught in the law and the prophets". (New Living Translation Bible). "So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the law and the prophet". (English Standard Bible). "Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets". (King James Bible).
Another important teaching of Jesus Christ was the Beatitudes. The great beatitudes:
God blesses those who realize their need for him, for the Kingdom of haven is given to them.
God blesses those who mourn, for they will be comforted.
God blesses those who are gentle and lowly, for the whole earth will belong to them.
God blesses those who are hungry and thirsty for justice, for they will receive it in full.
God blesses those who are merciful, for they will be shown mercy.
God blesses those whose hearts are pure, for they will see god.
God blesses those who work for peace, for they will be called the children of God.
God blesses those who are persecuted because they live for God, for the kingdom of Heaven is theirs. (New living translation, Matthew 5)
There were a lot of teachings, Jesus Christ cares about his people (Christians) that is why he tries to put us in the right path by telling the Christians, to do what is right and deviate from their wrong ways and doing.
As time went on Jesus had twelve disciples:
First Simon (Also called Peter)
Andrew
James (son of Zebedee)
John
Philip
Bartholomew
Thomas
Matthew
James (son of Alphaeus)
Simon (son of Zealot).
Jesus taught his disciples a lot; they passed through a lot of test. One of the tests they passed through was the heavy storm. Jesus and his disciples traveled across the lake to spread the gospel. Suddenly, there was a terrible storm. The disciples became petrified because Jesus was sleeping. The disciples went to him and woke him up, shouting that he should rescue them from danger and Jesus replied "why are you afraid? You have so little faith!" (New living translation). Then he stood up and rebuked the wind and waves, and suddenly all was calm. The disciples were marveled at what he had done.
Jesus went from city to city with his disciples, and kept on healing the demon possessed and paralyzed. Jesus kept on spreading the news and healing people in other to get more workers (Christians). He wanted a lot of people to hear the good news so they would help in passing the news to other people. At a certain time Jesus said to his people "Then saith he unto his disciples, the harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few, Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he will send forth labourers into his harvest". (King James Bible).

Jesus Christ predicts his death

Jesus Christ predicted his death three times. Jesus Christ knew his time on earth was coming to an end so he told his disciples; " They will kill him, and on the third day he will be raised to life." And the disciples were filled with grief". (New international Version). When Jesus Christ was traveling to Jerusalem with his disciples, he told them privately again that he was going to be betrayed and killed. He told them that he would resurrect after three days. After he told them everything they now went into Jerusalem to spread the news.

Death of Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ prayed before he was arrested, he knew his time had come. Judas Iscariot, one of the disciples of Jesus Christ who betrayed him. He led the roman soldiers into the Kidron valley where Jesus Christ was with his disciples. As soon as Judas Iscariot saw Jesus he identified him and Jesus was arrested. One of the disciples, Simon drew his knife and attacked the High priest Servant, Malchus and slashed off his ear. Jesus commanded Simon to withdraw and then Jesus healed Malchus.
After Jesus was arrested he was brought before Caiaphas, the high priest for trials. After the trials with the high priest he was sent to the headquarters of the Roman Governor, Pontus Pilate for another trial. The Jews accused Jesus of being a criminal. The men who accused Jesus didn't go in with Jesus for his trial, because they knew it was a false accusation. Pontus Pilate found Jesus not guilty, but the Jews wanted him to be killed and Barabbas, a criminal released.
Pontus Pilate had Jesus flogged in the open with lead-tipped whips, and they crowned him with thongs. Pilate didn't want to kill Jesus, but the Jewish leaders kept on pressurizing him to do so. Pontus Pilate was left with no option but to crucify Jesus, he was afraid that the leaders might turn against him. Jesus led to where he was going to be crucified. His disciples and Mother, Mary Magdalene, watched him carry his cross with thongs on his head.
Jesus knew it was finally over, and he said " I am thirsty" then they soaked a sponge into a sour jar of and gave him. He replied, "it is finished", and he gave up the ghost. Jesus was buried in a tomb, which has never been used before close to a garden. Nicodemus was the man who brought white linen and seventy-five pounds of ointment, which was made of myrrh and aloes.

The Resurrection

Early on Sunday Morning, Mary mother of Jesus went to the Tomb and it was open, so she ran back to the disciples telling them that the body of Jesus had been taken away. The disciples rushed to confirm if what Mary Magdalene said was true, on getting there the body was no longer there, they were all marveled and they left. Later that day Mary was crying outside the tomb, when Jesus appeared to her and told her to stop crying. After Mary saw Jesus she ran to the disciples to tell them what had happened, but one of disciples, Thomas didn't believe. Later that day Jesus appeared to them, after they saw what Jesus had done they believed that he is the Son of God, and that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have life.
Jesus instructed his disciples to spread his word that he would be back to judge the living and the dead.

Qualities of a leader

Jesus Christ was a perfect leader with no weakness. He had a lot of strengths. Jesus Christ had no weakness because he was not human, he came down in human form, but still he wasn't human. The life of Jesus was peculiar; he lived his whole life acting as a leader. Jesus never hated anybody; he had love for both his enemies and his friends. He had no weakness unlike human leaders. According to Paul in Corinthians; "We preach Christ crucified: a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Gentiles, but to those whom God has called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God. For the foolishness of God is wiser than man's wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than man's strength". (New international version, 23 - 24). Man cannot understand his weakness. Jesus performed a lot of miraculous signs. People loved him a lot. Jesus Christ was a great leader. The life and teachings of Jesus Christ are the motivations for Christians. Jesus Christ was no selfish leader he always thought about his people before himself.